Task Six – Non - Continuity

Non- continuity editing
 This describes the deliberate or accidental violation of rules of continuity when editing films. As a deliberate technique, it may be used to connote authenticity or to create alienation.The purpose of non continuity editing is to make the audience see more in the movie than just the storyline, it engages the audience more and gives them an avenue to be able to judge on a fair side. Although it may look like a mistake that is the whole point behind.
There is a shot where it breaks the 180 degree rule, and skips from side to side this is really disorientating for the audience.

The Shining - Stanley Kubrick - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule
Although breaking the rule often looks unprofessional and does not work, it has been used by many directors including Stanley Kubrick in the bathroom scene of The Shining to make the audience feel unbalanced and disorientated as well as Peter Jackson in The Lord of the Rings with Gollum show a divide between his two personalities. The only reasoning behind breaking the rule one could have is for the effect that it causes, like Kubrick and Jackson have done, otherwise it will not work with the rest of the scene and will only confuse the audience on where they are watching the scene from.





A Bout de Soufflé - Jean-Luc Goddard - Jump Cut

This film became very famous for the use of jump cuts in it, It is Jean-Luc Godard’s 1960 French New Wave classic À Bout de Soufflé (Breathless). The film’s producer apparently asked Godard to reduce the length of the film, and one way he did so was during some of the conversations. Godard explained: “Instead of slightly shortening one and then slightly shortening the other, and winding up with short little shots of both of them, we’re going to cut out four minutes by eliminating one or the other altogether, and then we will simply join the [remaining] shots, like that, as though it were a single shot.”

A bout de soufflé video


The first jump cut was at 0:14 seconds we see her sitting calm without searching for any mirror, or holding a mirror in her hand, at 0:15 seconds, she is seen holding a mirror and styling her hair. The second jump cut was at 0:20 seconds, where the mirror disappeared from her hand. She did not throw it away or make it disappear, jump cut was used. t.here are more jump cuts in the clip but the most obvious are the ones at the beginning.

The Hunger Games - Gary Ross - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule
the use of breaking the 180 degree rule is used when she gets into the bed room. this was effective as that point in the movie because of the situation she was in, this technique was used to confuse us a little bit and it was also used to show that she herself was confused and was not herself any more.

task 5 continuity editing done

Continuity Editing 

 Continuity is a big part of film making. If you're shooting a short film or interview, it's important to set the scene and establish your characters in space and time in order for the viewer to follow the action. Continuity editing became known as 'classical Hollywood' style of editing. it was developed by an early European and American film directors in particular , in particular D.W Griffin in his film the  birth of a nation and intolerance.
The classical style ensures temporal and spatial continuity as a way of advancing narrative , using such techniques as the 180 degree rule, match on action and shot reverse shot.
It helps to maintain a sense of realistic chronology and generates the feeling that time is moving forward.
this does not mean one can not use a flashback or flash forwards, as long s the narrative will still be seen to be moving forward in an expected or realistic way.

Key continuity techniques
Eye line match
This technique links two shots together.we see a character looking at something off screen and then we cut to it to show what the character is looking at. This allows the audience to experience an event in the film just as the character is experiencing it.

An example of the eyline match is in kill bill


180 degree rule
The 180 Degree Rule states that two characters in a scene should always have the same left and right relationship to each other. If you don't follow the 180 Degree Rule, or break it intentionally, it disrupts the scene disorients audience. When you break the 180 line, a person who was originally facing left in a scene is all of the sudden facing right.
if the camera passes over the imaginary axis, connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line.
When you shoot a scene with actors imagine a line extending out between them. You can move your camera anywhere along that line, as long as you don't cross over the line to the other side.


Match on action
Match on action is a technique of filming used in many sorts of films. It consists of connecting 2 shots together in which a character finishes off an action in the second shot that was started in the first one, for example a clip of a character walking through a door in which he opens the door being filmed from behind then the clip cuts to him walking through from the other one.
The technique ensures that the action seems like a natural and realistic movement even when the actor may have finally performed it twice.


Shot Reverse Shot
shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character and then the other character is shown looking back at this first character . since the characters are shown facing in the opposite directions the viewers assume that they are looking at each other.

Continuity Editing- Continuity Editing as been really successful 

Summary of our Continuity editing video clip - our continuity editing was a short clip in a  classroom with 2 female actors. The purpose of this clip was to show our understanding the techniques (match on action, eye-line match, shot reverse shot, 180 degree rule) and how effective we could use it.  one of the techniques we use was the match on action (This technique links two shots together). the camera goes to the face of the actor looking up at the clock and looks back down to concentrate on her work. another area where we made use of the match on action was when one of the girls ran from the corner to open door and the camera also catches her as she opens the door to go into the room. This is effective because  the audience want to see the expression on the face of the actor as then get in and the camera catches what the audience expect.
Another technique used was the shot reverse shot where one character is shown looking at another character and then the other character is shown looking back at this first character. this happens when both actors have back and forth arguments with each other.
The techniques we used during the filming of the short clip were effective because it passes the right messages across.This makes the viewer assume they are looking at each other. and it also carries the audience along as the conversation continues.
The techniques we did not include are the point of view, eye-line, 180 degree rule one of the reason i did not include these were because i found them the most challenging so i went with the once i felt like i could easily work with.

t4 montage done

 In the world of montage there are different types of montages, we All the montages have different meanings;

French cinema- in French practice montage has its literal meaning (assembly, installation)

Soviet cinema- in soviet film making of the 1920s, montage was a method of juxtaposing shots to derive new meaning that did not exist in either shot alone.

Hollywood cinema- in Hollywood cinema a montage cinema is a short segment in a film in which narrative informative is presented in a condensed fashion. and example of balboa. in this film rocky was training for a boxing match and there was montage of him training.this could have been a period of days, weeks or even months but it was condensed into about 2 minutes.


The two key film-makers 

Lev Kuleshov- he was among the first people to theorize about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920s. he agreed that editing a movie or film is like constructing a building, brick by brick shot by shot the movie the building is created. he did an experiment that proved this point was true, he took an old film clip of a head shot of an old Russian actor and inter cut the shot with different images, when people saw this they praised the actor because the picture of the man he had initially put up had different expressions and when another picture was put beside it, the expression on his face matched the other picture. the simple act of juxtaposing the shots in a sequence created the relationship. the audience were able to read meaning from looking at the two pictures. this experiment was the start of the technique known as montage.

Serge Eisenstein- he was briefly a student of Kuleshov, but the two of them ended up parting ways because they read different meanings as to what a montage meant. By using contrasting, unrelated shots Eisenstein tried to create shock in the minds of viewers.

The two key film clips;
Strike;


Strike; The sequence is very short, just under a minute and a half, but contains over 30 shots. This rapid cutting is typical of the Montage film which on average has a greater number of shots than any other type of film making of that era. The scene begins by showing the striking workers running, hundreds of them, and also shows the military advancing and firing, but it never shows the military in the same shot as the workers. The military chase the striking workers and then gun them down in a field. We don’t see any people being shot, but instead we see all their bodies lying there after the slaughter. This footage is inter cut with non-diegetic shots of a bull being killed in a slaughterhouse. The use of a non-diegetic insert is another common Montage device.

Rocky(Hollywood Montage); this happens to be a Hollywood montage , rocky is a new named boxer, in the clip we were shown rocky was training for a boxing match.


How the filming went
My group and i made two montages, the soviet montage and the Hollywood montage. the Hollywood montage was the easiest because it was easy to come up with a story line, on the other hand the soviet montage took a longer time to film because it was difficult coming up with a story line for it. But we managed to film both.

Hollywood-

This montage was easy and fun. i worked with two other friends to achieve the end product. we used an empty classroom as our setting and we used different types of props. most of them were handmade, for example the price tags. we had 4 scenes all together. first scene was of a young lady walking round in the market looking for an handbag to buy, she came across one she liked but she did not have enough money to buy it so she walked away. scene 2 was in a bookshop with the lady walking in the market and another lady. the first lady was selling all her books in order to have enough money to buy the bag, first lady bought some books. scene 3 was of the bookseller lady and another lady buying books, she sold some books to her and got some money. In that same scene she was packing up her books, counted he money she had altogether and rejoiced and closed her shop for the day. Scene 4 was the last scene we filmed, she walked back to the shop where she saw the bags, she bought the one she wanted and walked off the scene with a smile on her face.

Soviet Montage-

This was the most difficult of the two montages, we used props like chairs, sheets of papers, a classroom.we had a lot of scenes. Some of the scene were outdoor and some of it was inside. We did this because the whole point of a soviet montage is to make different shots look connected. the outdoor scene was about a happy girl who collected flowers, went off  and came back only to meet her flowers dead. the indoor shots was about three people that showed anger and death, one of the characters was tore up sheets, the other character was about anger and the last character died. All this unlike shots are what made our Soviet Montage.

The intention behind my montage- The intention behind my Hollywood montage was to be able to show how you can fit in a story of 10 minutes into a shorter time. The intention between my Soviet Montage was to show how different shots could mean the same thing even if they are not meant to be connected together.

What went well  a few things went well during the filming, operating the camera was easy and directing the acting was fun. every member of the group brought an idea to the table this made it easy for the us to carry on with our work.when we set off to film, finding a suitable filming area was not a problem. we found an empty room with tables and chairs in it and this was the best kind of setting we could use.

Was  it successful- The Hollywood Montage went very well and we knew the exact thing to do, we got on with our work and we completed the filming as fast as possible so for this reason i think it was a successful production. However, the Soviet Montage was not the same, it was not as successful as it should have been. At first we did not have a good enough story line which made filming difficult. We tried different things but did not quite fit into the idea we were trying to present like, shock, suspense etc. And the shots we filmed did not seem as real as possible for these reasons i think it was not a successful production.